Have and have got

There is no difference in meaning between these two sentences:

have a car.
I‘ve got a car.

The important thing is not to mix the two forms.

If you use the “have” form, have is the main verb and so to make a question or negative sentence, we need an auxiliary verb:

Have

Tense

Positive

Negative

Question

Present simple

I have a car.

I don’t have a car.

Do you have a car?

Past simple

I had a car last year.

I didn’t have a car last year.

Did you have a car last year?

Present perfect

I have had a car for a long time.

I haven’t had a car for long.

Have you had a car for long?

Future with will

I’ll have a car soon.

I won’t have a car soon.

Will you have a car soon.

Have got

Positive

Negative

Question

I’ve got a car.

I haven’t got a car.

Have you got a car?

I’ve got brown eyes.

I haven’t got brown eyes.

Have you got brown eyes?

Note we use the “have got” form only in the present.
With “have got”, the auxiliary verb is have and the main verb is got.

Look at the difference when we make a question

Question word

Auxiliary

Subject

Verb

Have

What kind of car

do

you

have?

Have got

What kind of car

have

you

got?

When we write in a formal way we usually use the “have” form and not the “have got” form.